6. Whether the team on offense calls a running play or a pass play, whether the player with the ball cuts to the left or the right, whether the defense rushes all its linebackers or drops them back in pass coverage, it is still a football game between two specific teams, etc. I am just going to assume here that at least sometimes all the non-interpretative mistakes can be eliminated by adjusting the alternative story. The point is that there is no other reason to think that there are electrons at all beside their usefulness in the theories in which they appear. Most cases of doing things for reasons �contain� intentional actions of this sort. Though what actions these movements constitute and what these sounds mean will be of course different in the two interpretations. But that doesn�t mean she needs to suspend judgment about whether she herself has goals or intentional states, and she needn�t suspend judgment about this even if she goes on to accept the version of solipsism that actually denies there are any other minds than her own. Psychology Definition of INTERPRETIVE THERAPY: Form of active and directive psychotherapy where the therapist elicits the client I have been arguing that interpretations are indeterminate, whether they are about the actions of individual agents or about events that involve cooperation among several agents. I might neither have, nor think I have, reason to go left rather than right, though I have reason for continuing to run. But one might also make the more serious mistake of not realizing that intentional actions were being performed at all. Imagine that it is in fact a very small rock that no one even notices. I suggest that it is because, unlike our two theories of the moving object, neither of the two interpretations of the events on the football field is completely determinate with respect to the underlying facts on which it is based. The elements of both interpretations are claimed to supervene on exactly the same set of facts, which include exactly the same causal interactions between the same events, etc. But that doesn�t seem at all plausible if, as I am claiming, exactly the same thing applies to football games. An interpretive mistake of this sort will at least involve misattributions of some intentional states to the people on the field. Rather I did not see what I thought I did. And to do that I must go one way or the other. So the effective acts and emotional states such as a feeling of pride, dignity, envy that are compatible to the course of action but indirectly relevant in terms of their subjective meaning are related with the external world, especially to the actions of the other. So what would have gone wrong if an observer, seeing what is in fact a football game, takes it as some sort of ritualized debate followed by fisticuffs, in the way Griffith pretended to? It is also true as a matter of fact that keeping people from going into the ditch when backing out of Steve�s driveway is a saving of the amount of gasoline needed to hitch them up to Steve�s pickup to pull them out. But this is not how it is. An obvious question remains. So consider the large rock that rests at the corner of my friend Steve�s driveway, just where it meets the road. In this they seem sharply different from other sorts of commonsense explanations of events, as well as from the sorts of explanations found in sciences such as physics and chemistry, all of which are causal, and of course not teleological. But not all concepts that are applicable to the phenomena they explain are like this. But the causal interactions between the events involving the participants will be the same under each interpretation. On exactly these grounds, I want to claim that so far as the relation of supervenience goes someone can without logical or nomological error deny, for instance, that what she is observing is a football game and yet accept all the underlying facts on which its being a football game supervene. But that would also have been my reason had I turned down the road to the right. First, this position is very implausible. Something that explains, makes understandable. 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